Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 29 Articles
The controlled release of drugs in slow and sustained manner is one of the major challenges in drug delivery system. Targeting of drug to the particular site is an important aspect of drug delivery system. This delivery system also used for lipophilic drug which are soluble in intestine. Microparticles were initially developed as carrier for vaccines & anticancer drugs. They have now been used to increase the efficiency of drug delivery system & improve release profile & for drug targeting. These delivery systems offer numerous advantages compared to conventional dosage forms, which include improved efficacy, reduced toxicity, improved patient compliance and convenience Microparticles have been proven to be useful in this manner for the delivery of various active pharmaceutical ingredients. The current aim of this review is to study various aspects of the microparticulate drug delivery system including method of formulation, evaluation & characterization....
In recent years a lot of scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery. Various advances are presently employed in the prolongation of the gastric retention time, including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS). Polymeric floating microspheres can be employed to deliver medication at a rate-controlled and sometimes targeted manner. In this review, the challenges and limitations in the developments of FDDS of microspheres for oral controlled drug delivery are discussed. This review also highlights the Physiological challenges like fluids in the abdomen for the drug delivery buoy to float therein and to operate efficiently, drugs which don’t have solubility or stability problems in gastric fluids. Formulation challenges like formation of droplet, stirring speed and stirring time. Selection of drug concentration, polymer concentration, is one of the important challenges because it affects on particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release characteristics. Another some important challenges related to formulation technique, preparation methods of microspheres and Real life challenges in the microsphere as floating drug delivery were also discussed....
The objective of present study was to formulate and evaluate clopidogrel bisulphate prefilled syringe for immediate onset of action, reduce time drug wastage and avoid first pass metabolism. I.V solution prepared using propylene glycol (cosolvent) and tween 80 (surfactant) in different concentration. In 32 factorial designs propylene glycol (X1) and tween 80 (X2) were selected as independent variables and pH of the IV solution (Y1) and drug dissolved in 2 ml (Y2) were dependent variables. All formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, drug dissolved in 2 ml. Optimized formulation was evaluated for one month stability study. The optimization study indicates that pH of the I.V solution and drug dissolved in 2 ml depends on concentration of propylene glycol and tween 80. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were performed for dependent variables. Formulation F6 containing 20% of propylene glycol and 0.2% of tween 80 was optimized. It showed pH 4.61 of the solution and 194.1 mg drug dissolved in 2 ml. The studies indicate that the prefilled syringe of clopidogrel bisulphate can be efficiently formulated by the co solvents and surfactants. The optimized formulation was subjected to stability studies for one month at 40°C temperature with RH 75±5% and showed there was no significant change in Clarity, pH, drug content....
To develop and evaluate Isosorbide dinitrate microspheres using chitosan as a polymer. Isosorbide dinitrate is anti-anginal with low bioavailability (25 %) from the gastrointestinal tract. The poor bioavailability and short biological half-life of 1 hour sufficient for the development of sustained release formulation. Microspheres of Isosorbide dinitrate were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method by using chitosan as a polymer. Various parameters were assessed, with a view to obtain oral sustained release of Isosorbide dinitrate. In the present study nine formulations were formulated by using chitosan in various proportions. The prepared microsphere were then subjected to FT-IR, SEM, particle size, % yield, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, in vitro dissolution study, release kinetics and DSC. The FT-IR spectra and DSC revealed that, there was no interaction between polymer and Isosorbide dinitrate. Microspheres are spherical in nature, which was confirmed by SEM. A maximum of 90.06 % drug entrapment efficiency was obtained. The in vitro performance of microspheres showed sustain release depend on polymer concentration. The co-efficient of determination indicated that the release data was best fitted with zero order kinetics. The present study conclusively demonstrates the feasibility of effectively encapsulating Isosorbide dinitrate into chitosan to form a multiple drug delivery device....
The purpose of present investigation was to enhance the dissolution behavior of a poorly water soluble drug candesartan cilexetil (CND) - an angiotensin receptor blocker, antihypertensive drug; on aqueous solubility and rate of dissolution in dissolution media, by formation of inclusion complex with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The phase solubility profile for β-CD was classified as AL type, revealing 1:1 stoichiometric complexation of cyclodextrin with CND. On the basis of preliminary trials kneading was selected as method of preparation of inclusion complex. Furthermore, the complex was optimized to investigate influence of drug:polymer ratio, on the dissolution profile. In-vitro dissolution studies of optimized batch were found to exhibit better dissolution profile in comparison with plain CND. The increment in solubility and dissolution profile enhancement of CND is attributed to the decrease in drug crystallinity by entrapment in the inclusion cavity of (β-CD). The approach seems to be promising in improving the oral bioavailability of CND....
Emulgel is emerging topical drug delivery system for delivery of hydrophobic drug. Incorporation of emulsion into gel increases its stability & makes it a dual control release system. In this system polymer play a chief role, they function as both thickener as well as emulsifier because the gelling capacity of these compounds allows the formulation of stable emulsions and creams by decreasing surface and interfacial tension and at the same time increasing the viscosity of the aqueous phase. In fact, the presence of a gelling agent in the water phase converts a classical emulsion into an emulgel. This review spotlight on characteristics, benefits formulation aspects such as selection of gelling agent and oil phase are describe. Various penetration enhances can be use for superior permeation of hydrophobic drugs. Various classes of drugs like antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, NSAIDS are extended for emulgels....
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for buccal sustained delivery of metronidazole. Metronidazole was choosen as model drug with an aim to develop buccal drug delivery system having characteristics like; small size, flexibility & adaptability to the mucosa, no irritation, and no discomfort as well as to develop a sustained release system for 12 hrs. Direct compression method was used for preparation of buccal tablets. All the ingredients were weighed accurately and mixed by geometrical dilution method in a mortar with pestle to prepare a homogeneous powder mixture. Then the powder mixture was directly compressed to prepare tablet using 10 mm punch in Single punch rotary press. The prepare formulation were evaluated for various parameters like hardness, thickness, average weight, swelling index, surface pH, mucoadhesive strength, drug content, % cumulative drug release. The optimized formulation was subjected to stability study for 1 month. In preliminary batches 3 polymers were used in combinations, from the obtained evaluation data of preliminary batches polymers (Carbopol 934 P and NaCMC) were selected for further factorial design batches, from the evaluation parameters data, it had been seen that the Batch F6 Showed good results from all batches. Batch F6 show hardness 3.82 kg/cm2, thickness 1.69 mm, friability 0.32%, surface pH 6.42, average weight 124.5 mg, mucoadhesive strength 31.8 gm and drug content 98.45%. It also gives maximum drug release up to 97.306 % in 12 hrs from all other batches....
The aim of the present investigation was to develop microsponge gel of ciclopirox for sustained release action. Microsponge containing Ciclopirox Olamine drug with different proportions of EudragitRS 100, EudragitRL 100 as polymers were prepared successfully by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. These formulations were studied for particle size, production yield and loading efficiency. The physical characterization showed that microsponge formulation F4 showed a better loading efficiency and production yield. This microsponge formulation was entrapped in carbopol gel and studied for pH, viscosity, drug content and in vitro release. Microsponge gel batch (MG 2) showed maximum viscosity 5380 cps, drug content of (98.61 %.) and appropriate drug release profile (98.70% in 12 hrs.)...
Clonidine HCl is a drug of choice for long term hypertension. The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate a metered dose transdermal spray (MDTS) formulation for transdermal delivery of Clonidine HCl. Trial batches were prepared and evaluated to check feasibility of Clonidine HCl for transdermal delivery. Final batches were prepared using central composite design comprising of Clonidine HCl, Octyl salicylate, propylene Glycol and Iso propyl alcohol. Prepared Clonidine HCl Transdermal Spray formulations were evaluated for evaporation time, pH, vapour pressure, spray pattern, spray angle, drug content, profiling of the spray characteristics, average weight per metered dose, in-vitro release study, and Ex-vivo permeation study was carried out using rat abdominal skin. Skin irritation study was performed by modified draize test using albino rats for optimized formulation and optimized formulation was kept for accelerated stability study as per ICH guidelines. Absence of any physical and chemical incompatibility in preformulation and compatibility study indicated that Clonidine HCl was compatible with container closure system and with excipients. All formulations were evaluated for different evaluation tests and results were found in acceptable limits. Optimized formulation was obtained by experimental data analysis. In Ex-vivo permeation study drug release of 300 mcg achieved from optimized formulation at the end of 24 hours and it followed higuchi kinetic release model. Optimized formulation was further proved non-irritant and found stable in accelerated stability study. The result obtained showed that the Clonidine HCl metered dose transdermal spray formulation can be an innovative and promising therapeutic system....
The aim of present study was to develop colon targeted system for prednisolone using guar gum and tamarind seed polysaccharide. Matrix formulations containing various proportions of guar gum and tamarind seed polysaccharide were prepared by wet granulation technique. Later on tablets were prepared by using various concentrations of guar gum and tamarind seed polysaccharide as release controlling layers on either side of matrix tablets of prednisolone. All the formulations were evaluated for in-process quality control tests. The interaction between the excipients and prednisolone was also studied through FTIR spectroscopy. Tablets were then prepared by wet granulation method with different ratio of polysaccharides and evaluated for their physical properties like weight variation, hardness, friability and content uniformity. In-vitro drug release studies were performed in conditions simulating stomach to colon transit The in-vitro drug release study was undertaken at 37±0.5°C in 0.1N HCl for 2 h; followed by pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (3h) finally in simulated colonic fluid pH 6.8 phosphate buffer containing 4% w/v rat ceacal content for 15 h. Results indicated that guar gum was alone failed to control drug release. When studies were continued in colonic fluids, matrix tablets released almost 100% drug. whereas, prednisolone formulations did not release drug in stomach and small intestine, but delivered drug to the colon resulting in slow absorption of the drug and making drug available for local action in the colon....
Flurbiprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) which has low oral bio availability due to high first pass metabolism and shorter half-life which leads to higher dosing frequency. Microspheres with release retardant polymers are expected to sustain the release of drug. In the present study microsphere entrapped with flurbiprofen were prepared and characterized with aim to achieve sustained release. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using various polymers such as ethyl cellulose (EC), (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose) HPMC E50LV, HPMC K100M. The prepared microspheres were characterized for the in-vitro release, percentage practical yield, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The practical yield of microspheres was high in ethyl cellulose and HPMC E50LV combination batch. The particle size of microspheres was found in the range of 97.51±1.45 to 267.56±8.54 µm. The SEM study reveals those microspheres are spherical in shape. Microspheres of flurbiprofen with ethyl cellulose and HPMC E50LV combination batch showed optimum drug entrapment efficiency and higher release rate as compare to other batches. The present study suggested that microsphere of flurbiprofen can be prepared using ethyl cellulose and HPMC E50LV at ratio of 1:2 of drug:polymer ratio to get sustained drug delivery. The stability study reveals that the prepared microsphere is stable....
Glipizide is an blood glucose lowering drug of sulphonyl urea class characterized by its poor aqueous solubility.The aim of present investigation was to improve the solubility of glipizide by using solid dispersion incorporated in situ gel.Various composition of glipizide dispersion were prepared by spray drying method using PVP 30,PVP-K90,�Ÿ-CD to enhanced solubility of drug. The formulations were evaluate for drug content, invitro dissolution study also characterized by IR .there was no any interaction between drug and carrier.Based on solubility and in-vitro drug release pattern 1:4 drug carrier ratio was selected as ideal dispersion for gel. The gel were characterized for rheological studies ,drug content estimation and invitro dissolution study,IR spectroscopy .all these properties were found to be ideal.Theinvitro release of glipizide solid dispersion incorporated gel is significantly improved. Stability study was performed according to ICH guidlines....
The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microballoons for the treatment of stomach ulcer. The specified objectives were to avoid the degradation of drug (esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate-first line choice of drug for the gastric ulcer treatment) in the gastric fluid and to show the local action, to prolong the gastric residence time in the stomach so that to show the sustain release action. Different formulation of microballoons was prepared by modified emulsion – solvent diffusion method for selection of different polymer like ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and HPMC in methanol and dichloromethane organic solvent system and it was characterized for their particle size, production yield, In-vitro floating ability, % entrapment efficiency, floating lag time. Batch (F5) containing Methyl cellulose and HPMC Showed desirable result and surface morphology study was done for selected formulation. The final formulation of was prepared by simple blend mixing of hydrocolloid polymers HPMC K15 along with sodium bicarbonate with drug loaded microballoons and filled in to the capsule. The evaluation data were fitted to pharmacokinetic release study and found that anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. Stabilty study of optimized formulation showed it was stable formulation....
The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the mouth dissolving film of amitriptyline hydrochloride. Mouth dissolving films were prepared by solvent casting method. Different formulation batches were prepared with different concentration of HPMC E50 LV as a polymer and PEG 400 as plasticizer. The prepared films were evaluated for their weight variation, thickness, stickiness, pH, folding endurance, drug content, appearance, tensile strength, % elongation, disintegration time and dissolution study in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Optimization of the formulation was done with the application of 32 factorial design. HPMC E50LV and PEG 400 were considered as independent factors whereas the disintegration time and % drug release in 300 sec were selected as dependent factors or responses. The data obtained showed that mouth dissolving film containing {HPMC E15 (300 mg) and PEG 400 (15% w/w of polymer)} had thickness of 0.20±0.04, weight variation 66.05±0.12, folding endurance 209±3.51, surface pH 6.8±0.52, tensile strength 525 g/mm2 and (%)elongation 20%. The disintegration time was found to be 40 seconds which was set as the major criteria for fast dissolving film. The drug content was found to be 99.11±1.03 % for the optimized batch. In-vitro drug release was found to be 96.99±0.28 % within 5 minutes. Stability study of the optimized batch reveals that there was no significance change in the release profile and disintegration time during the stability study period. Hence, a mouth dissolving film containing antidepressant drug amitriptyline hydrochloride was successfully prepared, which is expected to increase patient compliance in pediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients....
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which causes the severe pain and inflammation of synovial membrane. For reducing the pain NSAIDs are given. Piroxicam is widely used in the Rheumatoid Arthritis to reduce the pain. Piroxicam is the ââ?¬Å?BCS class IIââ?¬Â Drug which has the dissolution rate limited bioavailability. Nanosponges are mostly used for the solubility enhancement of the low solubility drugs. Hence the aim of this study was to develop the nanosponge which increases the dissolution rate of the Piroxicam. Preliminary study was performed by melting point, FTIR and solubility study of the Piroxicam. Screening of cross-linking agent was confirmed by the solubility and FTIR study and Diphenyl Carbonate showed the desirable result hence it was selected for further study. Nanosponges were initially prepared by preparing Blank nanosponge by polymerization method by using the different weight ratio of Beta-cyclodextrin and Diphenyl carbonate. Then Drug was loaded into the Blank nanosponge. The Prepared Nanosponges were evaluated for drug loading capacity, In-vitro drug release study, Zeta Potential. The Optimized formulation was composed of the (1:5) ratio of the Ã?Ÿ-CD to DPC gave 76.36% Drug loading, 98.86% drug release, -25.4 mV Zeta-potential, 0.342 PDI. DSC was done to check complex between drug and nanosponge. SEM was done for the morphology. Gas chromatography was done to check unreacted amount of DPC Optimized in formulation....
Repaglinide (RPG) is a non-sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent, mainly used in the management of type II diabetes mellitus. In the present work, a new attempt was made for formulation of mucoadhesive matrix tablets by using combination of tamarind seed powder as polymer and its methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts as super disintegrants for tablets. Tamarind seed is chiefly consisting of polysaccharides have the inherent characteristics of swelling, bioadhesion and good disintegrating properties. Hence an attempt was made to develop matrix tablets of repaglinide with tamarind seed powder and its extracts to check their influence on disintegration, swelling, bioadhesion and enhancing their release rate characteristics. Mucoadhesive matrix tablets with tamarind seed powder alone were extended the drug release for more than 12 hrs. Mucoadhesive matrix tablets with methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of tamarind seed powder alone release the drug within 1 hr, where as the combination of tamarind seed powder and it’s methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts extend the drug release for 12 hrs. Drug release from the tablets followed first order kinetics upto 85-90% release and the release was diffusion controlled. The mechanism of drug release was by non fickian diffusion. Tablets were evaluated for physical parameters, in-vitro dissolution studies, ex-vivo residence time, mucoadhesive strength, ex-vivo permeation studies and swelling index. The optimized inclusion complex and mucoadhesive tablet were evaluated by FTIR and DSC studies....
Objectives: Captopril is freely soluble in water and administered orally in two divided dose. In present investigation different polymers were used for sustained release of captopril from the formulated tablets. Experimental work: Sustained release matrix tablets were formulated using different hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K 100 M, hydrophobic ethyl cellulose, and waxy carriers stearic acid and cetyl alcohol. These materials were used in different ratios with the active ingredient generally 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 ratio of drug: matrix material. Tableting was done by direct compression, and hot melts granulation. Results and discussion: Dissolution data showed that hydrophilic polymer HPMC K100 M containing tablet batch H3 and waxy polymer stearic acid containing tablet batch S4 provided sustained release of drug for 12hrs. Dissolution of marketed product captopril releases the drug within 6hrs. The release was found to follow zero order in E1, E2, E4, S4, C1 batches while other batches follow higuchi model. Conclusion: The developed tablet formulation with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose at 1:3 (Batch H3) and Stearic acid at 1:4 (Batch S4) were able to provide sustained release profile for prolong period than marketed formulation....
The present study was designed to develop a transdermal patch using natural polymers like psyllium and guar gum in combination with semisynthetic polymer like hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M. Captopril was used as a model drug. FTIR study was carried out to study drug excipients compatibility. The transdermal patches using different polymer concentrations were prepared by solvent casting method. The prepared patches were evaluated for parameters like drug content, folding endurance, thickness and drug release etc. The optimized patches consisting of HPMC K4M (40 mg) and psyllium (60 mg) had drug content of 99.14%, folding endurance of 164±1 and drug release of 97.75±0.56%. HPMC K4M (65 mg) and guar gum (35 mg) had drug content of 99.23%, folding endurance of 159±1 and drug release of 98.19±0.22%. The in-vitro drug release study showed that drug was released in a controlled manner for a period of 12 hrs. Hence it can be concluded that natural polymers like psyllium and guar gum could be successfully used for preparation of transdermal patch....
The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Zolpidem tartrate microspheres. Zolpidem tartrate is a drug with low biological half life and short duration of action used as Sedative-Hypnotic. Microspheres were prepared by spray drying which provided sustained release of drug for 6 hrs. Eudragit RL100 and Ethyl cellulose were screened on the basis of %yield and drug content. Eudragit RL100 showed desirable results. Two process parameters, Inlet air temperature and Aspiration rate were selected in such a way that the % yield of microspheres was maximum. Formulation optimization was done by using 32 full factorial design. Two parameters, Feed rate and drug to Eudragit RL100 ratio were selected as independent variables and Particle size, Q50 and Q80 as dependent variables. It was observed that as the feed rate was increased particle size was increased. Q50 and Q80 were also increased. And decrease in drug to Eudragit RL100 ratio from 1:2 to 1:6 resulted in increase in particle size. Q50 and Q80 were also increased. Thus both the independent variables had positive effect on the responses. Optimized batch was selected on the basis of these dependent variables and drug content....
The purpose of this study was to prepare conventional and stealth liposomes containing gemcitabine in an attempt to improve cytotoxic effect against various tumor, both stealth and conventional liposomes has been investigated by taking various molar ratios of lipids like DPPC, Cholesterol, DSPE-MPEG 2-K and prepared by TLE method and active pH gradient method, SUV were obtained by extrusion through sonicator and characterized for vesicle size range as (130±1 to 265±2.4 nm) and polydispersity index was found (0.11 to 0.625) indicating stable formulation. Entrapment efficiency of gemcitabine was improved by active pH gradient method results shown that stealth liposomes (SL-5) contain DPPC: cholesterol: DSPE-MPEG 2-K with molar ratio (6:2:0.2) improved up to 75.3% whereas only 59.7% by TLE method. Zeta potential was obtained for various formulations as the range of (-9.3±2.8 to -37.3±2.3) and in-vitro release studies for (CL-5) shows almost 85% drug release from vesicles after 48 hrs and 65% drug released from (SL-5) liposomes proved that ability to remain drug in prolong circulation by targeting desired tumor site. Release profile further treated for kinetic modeling for screening of mechanism of transport best fitted for Higuchi model with (R2) is (0.996 to 0.994) followed by anomalous (non-fickian) type transport with n value is (< 0.5) as per korsmeyer-Peppas models. Optimized formulation of stealth liposomes (SL-5) effective against human breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) compared with CL-5 and Pure drug. Cytotoxic effect is dose dependant and for SL-5 % control growth was observed about 20%. Incorporation of Gemcitabine into bilayers was determined by phase transition behaviour in DSC thermogram as well as FTIR study....
Nasal in-situ gel of Zolmitriptan was prepared for sustained release and improvement of drug bioavailability. Carbopol 934 was used as a key ingredient which gives pH-induced sol to gel conversion of the formulations. Different formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations of Carbopol 934 and HPMC K4M. These formulations were evaluated for parameters like drug excipient compatibility, pH, drug content, viscosity, gel strength, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and Histopathological study. A 32 factorial was applied to check the effect of varying the concentration of carbopol 934 (X1) and different grades of HPMC K4M (X2) on the dependent variable i.e. viscosity, gel strength, mucoadhesive strength, % drug released at 0.25 hr, % drug released at 1 hr and % drug released at 8 hr as dependent variables . In vitro release data was fitted to various models to ascertain the kinetic of drug release. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were performed for dependent variables. The results of the F-statistics were used to select the most appropriate model. Formulation F5 was considered optimized formulation of in-situ nasal gel of Zolmitriptan. The studies indicate that the formulation was effective in providing in-vitro permeation of drug and the mucoadhesion which increases the residence time of drug....
The present work focused on the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of Diclofenac sodium using natural polymers. transdermal patch of Diclofenac sodium was prepared using different concentration of natural polymers like Prosopis seed gum and Gaur gum. Solvent evaporation technique was used to prepare the diclofenac sodium patch. Compatibility of the drug and the polymers was studied by infrared spectroscopy. Prepared transdermal patch were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, tensile strength, percent elongation, percent moisture content, moisture uptake, folding endurance and content uniformity test. The results obtained showed Compatibility between the drug and the polymers. The in vitro permeation study was carried out using Franz diffusion cell and egg membrane. The formulation followed the Higuchi diffusion mechanism. The formulation (P4) containing Prosopis seed gum 300 showed better sustain drug release diffusion as compaired Gaur gum formulation....
The objective of the present research study was to develop a buccal mucoadhesive patch containing Glipizide. Glipizide is a 2nd generation sulfonyl ureas for type 2 Diabetes. MOA of it , Sulfonylureas likely bind to ATP-sensitive potassium-channel receptors on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion, or exocytosis, of insulin. Glipizide has shorter half life (5-6 hrs), high first pass metabolism and poor bioavailability (30%). So, in order to improve the bioavailabilty and therapeutic efficacy. Glipizide was delivered through buccal delivery system using mucoadhesive polymer like Hydroxy methyl ethyl cellulose (HPMC), Carbopol 940, and Sodium Alginate. HPMC K15 was as hydrophilic polymer to modify the release of Glipizide. Buccal Patch were characterized for number of parameters like physical appearance, surface texture, weight uniformity, thickness, folding enurance, drug content uniformity, surface pH, swelling index, in vitro residence time, mucoadheive strength, in vitro release, permeation studies. On the basis of above mentioned characterization studies buccal mucoadhesive patch containing Sodium Alginate and Carbopol 940 was optimized. Stability studies of the optimized batch suggested that there was no significant change in surface ph, drug content, bioadhesion property, swelling behaviour of the patches after storage. FTIR studies revealed that, there was no incompatibility of the drug with the excipients used....
The main objective of the present study is physicochemical characterization of gum exudates of Terminalia catappa Linn (Almond gum/AG gum) as a hydrophilic sustained release versatile natural pharmaceutical excipient. This natural AG gum is not explore very well as compare to other natural polymer/gums such as xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, tamarind gum etc. In the present experiment we are explaining collection, purification& characterization of AG gum & also the physicochemical properties such as flow properties, solubility behaviour, rheological properties, microbial limit test, melting point, pH & water retention capacity was evaluated. The AG gum was also characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Sustained release matrix tablet AGgum was prepared with drug Alfuzosin HCl by direct compression, aqueous granulation and non-aqueous granulation. All formulation techniques showed reduction of dissolution rate. Aqueous granulation showed the maximum sustained release up to 15 hr. as compare to direct compression & non-aqueous granulation techniques. F8 (105mg AG gum) was selected as an optimized formulation based on its 15 hr. drug release. These results showed that AG gum in the concentration 70 & 105 mg exhibited sufficient sustained drug release. Thus the study confirmed that AG gum might be used in tablets as release retarding natural polymer....
The present research study was to develop Pulsatile release tablet formulation of Lornoxicam as chronopharmaceutical drug delivery system (ChrDDS) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which are influenced by circadian rhythm. Arthritis pain mainly takes place in the early morning. Pulsatile drug delivery system is capable of delivering drug when and where it required most. Time-delayed formulation, designed to release drug after a lag time, are intended for oral chronotherapy. The basic design consists of a core tablet coated by various polymers to avoid premature drug release in upper GIT. FTIR study was carried out to study drug excipient compatibility. The core tablets were prepared by using different super disintegrants like Crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and cross carmelose sodium. . The prepared core tablets were evaluated parameter like Precompression and post compression parameters. The optimize batches was selected for core tablet because it showed lesser disintegration time than other formulations and it was used for compression coated tablet preparation. The pulsatile release compression coated tablets were prepared by using different polymers HPMC K100M, Ethyl cellulose, L-HPC and evaluated parameters like hardness, weight variation, friability, dissolution study and lag time study. The optimized pulsatile release tablets consisting of %cumulative drug release and lag time. Hence it can be concluded that combination polymer like HPMC K 100M and ethyl cellulose could be successfully used for preparation of pulsatile release dosage form....
The main aim of this investigation was regarding the healing of wounds. The wound healing process involves extensive oxidative stress to the system, which generally inhibits tissue remodeling. In the present study, an improvement in the quality of wound healing was attempted by slow delivery of wound healing agents like hydnocarpic acid from collagen, which also acts as a supportive matrix for the regenerative tissue. Hydnocarpic acid, an age old naturally occurring wound healing agent could solve this problem. The current day treatment modalities has been revolutionized by the advent of novel dressing material like foams, hydro gels, matrices, films etc. we have chosen collagen for dressing as dermal scaffold due to its lengthy list of biomedical application potential. The oil as such for treating wounds has re-emerged recently and has taken into account the potentials of hydnocarpic acid. Collagen itself acts as bioactive material and acid wound to heal faster....
The purpose of this study was to compare the lansoprazole efficacy in chitosan nanoparticles and PLGA nanoparticles to identify the optimized formulation and to choose a opt carrier. For these ten formulations of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP1 to CNP10) and ten formulations of PLGA (PNP1 to PNP10) were prepared. The optimized formulations of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP5) and PLGA nanoparticles (PNP7) were taken for the comparative study. The results revealed that, nanoparticles prepared with PLGA possessed ideal characters than the nanoparticles prepared with chitosan....
Nanoemulsions (NE) have received a growing attention as colloidal drug carriers for pharmaceutical applications. Nanoemulsions also referred as submicron emulsions, miniemulsions, and ultrafine emulsions, are a group of dispersed particles used as vehicles for pharmaceutical aims. NEs are thermodynamically stable dispersion of o/w and w/o types, that consist of oil, surfactants, co-surfactants and aqueous phase, having a droplet diameter within the range of 10-500 nm. These are prepared by using high energy emulsification methods and low energy emulsification methods. By aqueous phase titration method, different oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) nanoemulsions were prepared. The parameter that are to be used for its characterization are droplet size, viscosity, drug content, zeta potential, pH, Transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability and in vitro release study. Nanoemulsion has various applications in drug delivery system. Thus the aim of this review is focused on nanoemulsion advantage and disadvantage, preparation methods, characterization of nanoemulsions and applications of sub micron size emulsion in different areas....
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease caused by inappropriate activation of the cellular immune system. Psoriasis vulgaris is a common skin disorder characterized by focal formation of inflamed, raised plaques, with relapsing episodes of inflammation and hyperkeratosis. Various approaches have been opted to treat this disease using different antipsoriatics with different modes of action and routes of administration. But, till now there is no such medication which can completely cure the disease with least side effects. The main reason behind this is the lack of ideal carrier which can deliver drug effectively and safely. Effective psoriasis treatments have been introduced as a result of the continuous advancements in developing novel formulations related to colloidal carriers systems such as like liposome, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, micelles etc. Present review is an endeavoring attempt to envisage on psoriasis in terms of pathogenesis, currently available treatment options present in both conventional and novel systems, marketed products based on colloidal carriers, side effects of individual antipsoriatic drugs, major hindrances in psoriasis treatment and their future prospective....
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